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Penicillins for urinary tract infections

These antibiotics kill the bacteria that commonly cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Amoxicillin is taken by mouth (orally). Ampicillin is taken by mouth or given by injection.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in the organs and tubes that process and carry urine out of the body. Most UTIs are either bladder infections (cystitis) or kidney infections (pyelonephritis).

UTIs occur most often when bacteria begin to grow in the kidneys, the bladder, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters), or the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body (urethra). Sexual intercourse may introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, especially in women. Catheterization is a common source of bacterial infection in people who are hospitalized or live in long-term care facilities.

An adult or older child with a UTI may have:

    * Pain or burning during urination.
    * An urge to urinate frequently but usually passing only small quantities of urine.
    * Dribbling (inability to control urine release).
    * Reddish or pinkish urine.
    * Foul-smelling urine.
    * Cloudy urine.

Urinary tract infections are more common in women than in men. They are also more common in older adults than in younger adults.

Treatment for most urinary tract infections is antibiotic pills and home treatment, such as drinking lots of fluids. If widespread infection (sepsis) develops or if the infection is severe or harms kidney function, hospitalization may be necessary so that antibiotics can be given directly into a vein (intravenous antibiotics).

Why It Is Used

These forms of penicillins treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections. These are infections that are not caused by a blockage or structural problem or some other medical condition that affects urinary function, such as diabetes.

How Well It Works

These forms of penicillins are effective against a broad range of bacteria. Relief of symptoms of a urinary tract infection should occur within 2 to 3 days of treatment.

Side Effects

Common side effects are:

    * Skin rashes.
    * Upset stomach.
    * Altered taste.
    * Nausea.
    * Diarrhea.

Antibiotic resistance

Be sure to take all of the medication your doctor gives you, even if you are feeling better. If you do not take all of your antibiotics as prescribed, the infection may return. Not taking the full course of antibiotics also encourages the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. This not only makes antibiotics less effective but also makes bacterial infections more difficult to treat.

Antibiotic resistance among bacteria that cause UTIs has increased steadily in recent decades. You and your doctor may have to try different antibiotics, and different combinations of antibiotics, to find the right medication that will kill the bacteria causing your UTI. Before you start a new antibiotic, your doctor may use results of urine tests to help select a medication.